相信可以挑到自己心爱的科尔索犬
卡斯罗犬，学名意大利凯因克尔索犬，FCI编号343，繁殖标准大家延用2007版，虽然在2016年传出要改版，最后也只是增加了未裁耳断尾的卡斯罗的图例，别的丝毫没有改变。我这里找到的也是CKU的朋友给我传的2007版的犬种标准。这份资料我想很多人都有，但是可能很多人没有认真的去读，如果你看到这里还有兴趣，不妨我带你一起重新读一下这个标准。（所有加粗字体的部分是我觉得应该着重强调的，为了让这篇文章更为丰富，我也找了一些资料作为配图，加上自己的理解，希望能让大家更为简单明了的理解标准。）CI-Standard N° 343 / 06. 06. 2007/ GB ITALIAN CORSO DOG(Cane Corso Italiano)意大利凯因科尔索犬 TRANSLATION : Dr. Antonio Morsiani, Dr. J.-M. Paschoud and Prof. R. Triquet.翻译：Antonio Morsiani博士，J.-M. Paschoud博士和R. Triquet教授。ORIGIN : Italy.起源国：意大利 DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 21.05.2007.原始标准生效日期：2007年05月21日 UTILIZATION :Guard-, protection-, police-and tracking dog.用途：护卫犬，保护犬，警犬和跟踪犬。CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. :Group2Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molossian and Swiss Mountain- and
Cattledogs.Section2.1Molosside breeds, Mastifftype.Without working trial.F.C.I.分组：第2组宾莎犬和雪纳瑞类-獒犬、瑞士山地 犬和瑞士牧牛犬（除瑞士牧牛犬）第2.1类 獒犬类不需要工作犬测试 BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : Its direct ancestor is the old Roman Molossian. Formerly scattered all over Italy, in the recent past, the breed was only prevalent in the Province Apulia and in the adjacent regions of Southern Italy. His name derives from the Latin « cohors », which means « protector, guardian of the farmyard ».历史概述：它们的直接祖先是古代罗马獒犬。以前分布在整个意大利，后来在南意大利阿普利亚地区以及附近区域盛行起来。它们的名字来源于拉丁语cohors(卡斯罗)，意思是农场保护者，卫士。GENERAL APPEARANCE : Medium to large-sized. Robust and sturdy, nevertheless elegant. Lean, powerful muscles.整体外观：体型为中型或大型。强壮，结实，也很优雅。瘦长，肌肉强健。 IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The length of the head reaches 36 % of the height at withers. The dog is somewhat longer than high.重要比例：头部是肩高的36%。犬的身长比身高稍微长一些。
如图所示：头部是肩高的36%身长：肩高=111:100肩胛骨最顶端到肘部的长度应该是肩高的一半前臂骨的长度等于31-32%的肩高飞节到地面的长度等于26%肩高头部的长度等于脖子的长度嘴巴的长度等于34%头长
BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Guardian of property, family and livestock; extremely agile and responsive. In the past, it has been used for herding cattle and hunting big game.
行为/秉性：是财产，家庭和牲畜的保护者；动作十分敏捷，反应十分灵敏。过去它们被用来集中畜群和狩猎活动。
HEAD : Large and typically molossoid. The upper longitudinal axes of the skull and the muzzle converge slightly.
头部：大，典型獒犬特征。头部上部的纵轴和口吻部稍微趋向一点。
CRANIAL REGION :Skull : Wide; at the zygomatic arches its witdh is equal to or greater than its length. Convex in front, it becomes fairly flat behind the forehead as far as the occiput. The medio-frontal furrow is visible.Stop : Marked.
颅部：头骨：宽大；颧骨弓处的宽度和头骨一样宽或者稍微长一些。前部突出，前额后部变平直至枕骨。额中部褶皱可见。额段：明显。（明显不代表是90°，标准是105°）
如图所示：
A=额段角度105°
B=脖子上倾角45°
C=肩胛骨角度50°
D=肩胛骨到肘部角度56/60°（C+D=106/110°，如不是很多犬种要求的90°）
E=掌骨倾角70°（并非笔直垂直于地面的爪子是最好的，下图第一个为最完美的）
F=髂骨倾角28/30°
G=大腿骨倾角70°
H=胫骨倾角140°
I=飞节到地板垂直90°
FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Black and large with ample, open nostrils, on the same line as the nasal bridge.
面部：
鼻：黑色，宽大，鼻孔大而开阔，和鼻梁在同一线上。
左边的大图的鼻孔大而开阔，右边两款鼻孔为先天性鼻孔狭窄，闭合的鼻孔对呼吸肯定有很大的影响，作为功能性犬种来说，当卡斯罗满口咬住猎物或者咬靶的时候，闭合的鼻孔可能是它呼吸不畅而松口的最主要原因。所以有的朋友说他的狗不能咬满口或者口不死，是训练不到位，也有可能你的狗只是单纯的要喘不上气了。
上图的第一个，是公犬的最佳眼睛位置
上图的第一个，是母犬的最佳眼睛位置由于图片信息来源于网络，里面的文字又不是英语，所以我请教了塞尔维亚的桑吉犬舍的Kristina Subasic女士，我想专业玩卡斯罗的朋友们对这家犬舍肯定也不会陌生。
Muzzle : Noticeably shorter than the skull (ratio muzzle : skull approximately 1 : 2). Strong, square; the front part of the muzzle is flat; the lateral surfaces are parallel; the muzzle is as wide as long. The profile of the nasal bridge is straight. 口吻：明显比头骨短（口吻部长度：头骨大约为1:2）。强壮，方形；口吻部前端扁平；口吻两侧面互相平行；口吻部宽度和长度相当。鼻梁轮廓笔直。
明显左图比右图优秀，无需解释了
Lips : The upper lips hang moderately and cover the mandible, so that the lower profile of the muzzle is determined by the lips.
嘴唇：上嘴唇适当下垂覆盖下颚，因此口吻部下面轮廓由嘴唇决定。
Jaws/Teeth : Jaws very large, thick and curved. Slightly undershot. Level bite acceptable, but not sought after.
颌/牙齿：颌非常大，厚且弯曲。下颚稍微突出。水平咬合可以接受但是之后要尽量避免。
Eyes : Medium-sized, ovoid, looking directly forward, slightly protruding. Eyelids close fitting. Colour of iris as dark as possible, depending from the colour of the coat. Expression keen and attentive.
眼睛：中等大小，卵形，直视前方，稍微有些突出。眼睑紧实。虹膜越深越好，这由犬的被毛颜色决定。眼神注意力集中而敏锐。
Ears : Triangular, drooping, with a wide set on high above the zygomatic arches. Often cropped in the shape of an equilateral triangle.
耳朵：三角形，下垂，耳根宽大，位于颧骨弓上部。通常剪成等边三角形形状。
NECK : Strong, muscular, as long as the head.
颈部：强壮，肌肉发达，和头部长度相当。
BODY : The body is somewhat longer than the height at the withers. Sturdily built, but not squat.Withers : Pronounced, rising above the level of the croup.Back : Rectilinear, very muscular and firm.Loins : Short and strong.Croup : Long, wide, slightly inclined.Chest : Well developed in three dimensions, reaches to the elbow.
躯干： 身体长度比肩高稍微长一些。身体敦实有力，但是不显矮胖。肩隆：明显，比臀部高。背：直，肌肉发达且紧实。腰：短且强壮。臀：长，宽，稍微倾斜。胸部：发育立体到位，直至肘部。
TAIL : Set on fairly high; very thick at the root. The tail is docked at the fourth vertebra. In action carried high, but never curled nor erect.
尾：尾部位置较高；尾根粗。在第四根尾椎骨处进行断尾。行动中高高扬起，但是从不卷曲或者竖起。
LIMBS
四肢
FOREQUARTERS :Shoulders : Long, oblique, very muscular.Upper arm : Strong.Forearm : Straight, very strong.Carpal joint and pasterns : Elastic.Forefeet : Cat feet.
前驱：肩部：长，倾斜，肌肉发达。上肢：强壮。前肢：直，非常强壮。腕骨关节和系部：有弹性。前脚：猫足。
HINDQUARTERS :Upper thigh : Long, wide, back line of thigh convex.Lower thigh : Strong, not fleshy.Hocks : Moderately angulated.Metatarsals : Thick and sinewy.Hindfeet : Slightly less compact than the forefeet.
后驱：大腿：长，宽，大腿后缘线突出。小腿：强壮，肉不多。飞节：角度适中。跖骨：厚，结实。后脚：稍微没有前足紧凑。
GAIT / MOVEMENT : Long stride, extended trot. The preferred gait is the trot.
步态/步容：步伐大，伸展充分。最理想的步伐是小跑。
皮肤：相当厚，紧实。
COAT 毛发
HAIR : Short, shiny, very dense with a light undercoat.
毛质：短，闪亮，非常密，底毛不多。
COLOUR : Black, lead-grey, slate-grey, light grey, light fawn; stag red and dark fawn; brindle (stripes on different shades of fawn or grey); in fawn coloured and brindle dogs the black or grey mask on the muzzle should not go beyond the line of the eyes. A small white patch on the chest, on the tips of the feet and on the bridge of the nose is acceptable.
毛色：黑色，铅灰色，青灰色，浅灰色，浅黄褐色；牡鹿红和深黄褐色；斑纹（不同形状的黄褐色或灰色条纹）；在黄褐色和斑纹色犬种，口吻部黑色或脸上的灰色不应超过眼睛边缘线。脸颊，脚趾尖和鼻梁上的小块白色斑点可以接受。至于卡斯罗的颜色请查看公众号关于颜色遗传的文章，这里不做展开了
SIZE AND WEIGHT :Height at withers :Malesfrom 64 to 68 cm,femalesfrom 60 to 64 cm.Tolerance of 2 cm more or less.Weight :Malesfrom 45 to 50 kg,femalesfrom 40 to 45 kg.
尺寸和重量：肩高： 公犬：64厘米到68厘米 母犬：60厘米到64厘米 允许有2厘米出入 体重： 公犬：45到50公斤 母犬：40到45公斤
FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及此缺陷对犬只的健康和福利以及工作性能的表现造成的影响成正例。
SEVERE FAULTS
严重缺陷：
Axes of muzzle and skull parallel or too converging; lateral surfaces of the muzzle converging.
口吻部轴线和头骨平行或者趋向聚合；口吻部侧面趋向聚合。
* Partial depigmentation of the nose.
鼻子部分色素脱失。
* Scissor bite; pronounced undershot mouth.
剪状咬和；下颚明显突出。
* Ring-tail, tail in vertical position.
环尾，尾巴垂直竖立。
* Permanent amble when trotting.
小跑中一直缓慢踱步。
* Over-or undersize.
体型过大或过小。
ELIMINATING FAULTS
失格缺陷：
Aggressive or overly shy.
有攻击性或太害羞。
* Axes of muzzle and skull diverging.
口吻部轴线和头骨偏离。
* Total depigmentation of the nose.
鼻子色素全部缺失。
* Bridge of nose very hollow, rams’s nose.
鼻梁塌陷严重，或鼻梁太拱。
* Overshot mouth.
上颚突出。
* Partial or complete palpebral depigmentation. Wall eye; strabism.
眼睑部分或全部色素缺失。外斜眼；斜视。
* Tailless, short tail (docked or not).
无尾，尾巴太短（断尾或未断尾）。
* Semi-long, smooth or fringed hair.
半长，平滑或有饰边的毛发。
* All colours not indicated in the standard; large white patches.
标准中没有提到的颜色；大的白色斑点。
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
任何犬只表现出身体上或者行为上明显的不正常应判定失格。
N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum. 注：公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸。